Effect of reduced exposed surface area and enhanced infiltration on ammonia emission from untreated and separated cattle slurry

Ammonia (NH 3 ) loss during field application of liquid manure (slurry) causes nutrients for the crops and contributes to contamination environment. The emission can be mitigated by different low-emission technologies slurry treatment prior application. It is assumed that a reduced area air-slurry interaction will reduce emission. NH mitigation potential intended manure-air contact reducing exposed surface (ESA) or enhancing infiltration was investigated cattle applied on grassland. Treatments tested were: 1) removing solids solid–liquid separation slurry, 2) ESA narrow band application, 3) with sub-surface-deposition (SSD) (creating aeration slots). For untreated not ESA, but over slots significantly decreased However, from separated compared broadcast no additional reduction obtained using SSD technique. Lower generally observed all methods. This study shows in necessarily solely ESA. hypothesized rapid drying crust formation relatively warm sunny conditions these trials emission, thereby masking effects • Surface counteract increases at high temperatures. Reduced mitigating effect lowering under conditions. Enhanced